目的 以空气制冷技术为核心,研究包含多种发热源与显著热质量的低温环境舱的低温环境保温性能。方法 基于数值模拟与等效参数方法,构建大型低温环境实验舱数值模型,并分析不同进气温度（-70~120 ℃）时环境舱内流场及温度场的分布特性。结果 随着进气温度的降低（-70 ℃降至-120 ℃）,舱内流场变得更加均匀,循环风量提高,整流板下方的流动均匀性显著提高。同时,舱内温度场分布也呈现出更加均匀的趋势。随着进气温度降低（-70 ℃降至-120 ℃）,整流板下方实验环境温度差Δt1由2 ℃降至0.8 ℃。由于舱体良好的保温特性,在不同进气温度下,舱内试验件表面温度差ΔtS均<1 ℃。结论 进气温度显著影响低温环境舱的流场和温度场分布。随着进气温度的降低,整流板上部的空气流动停滞区域增大,但流动均匀性提升,整流板下方实验环境的温度均匀性提高,同时远离风机侧的底部回风道空气流动也更加均匀。降低进气温度会导致送风管内空气流速降低,使系统循环风量下降。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the cooling performance of a cryogenic environment chamber containing multiple heat sources and significant thermal mass. A numerical model of a large-scale cryogenic environment experiment chamber was established based on numerical simulation and equivalent parameter methods. The distribution characteristics of the flow field and temperature field inside the chamber at different supply air temperatures (ranging from -70 ℃ to -120 ℃) were analyzed. The results indicated that: as the supply air temperature decreased (from -70 ℃ to -120 ℃), the flow field within the chamber became more uniform, the circulating air volume increased, and the flow uniformity below the deflector plate improved significantly. Simultaneously, the temperature field distribution also showed a trend toward greater uniformity with the decreasing supply air temperature (from -70 ℃ to -120 ℃). Specifically, the temperature difference (Δt1) within the experimental environment below the deflector plate decreased from 2 ℃ to 0.8 ℃. Due to the excellent thermal insulation properties of the chamber, the surface temperature difference (ΔtS) of the test items inside the chamber remained below 1 ℃ across all tested supply air temperatures. In conclusion, the intake air temperature significantly affects the flow field and temperature field distribution in the cryogenic environment chamber. As the intake air temperature decreases, the stagnant airflow area above the deflector plate increases, but the flow uniformity is improved. The temperature uniformity of the experimental environment below the deflector plate is also improved, and the airflow in the bottom return air duct away from the fan side becomes more uniform. Lowering the intake air temperature reduces the airflow velocity in the supply duct, resulting in a decrease in the system's circulating airflow volume.
关键词
低温环境舱 /
温度均匀性 /
流场分布 /
共轭传热 /
空气制冷技术 /
数值模拟
Key words
cryogenic environment chamber /
temperature uniformity /
flow field distribution /
conjugate heat transfer /
air cooling technology /
numerical simulation
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